मोबाइल फ़ोन से ब्रेन कैंसर : एक विस्तृत रिपोर्ट!

kaushal vichar

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आज मोबाइल हमारे जीवन का अटूट हिस्सा बन गया है. हम खाना भूल सकते है पर मोबाइल नहीं. इस बिषय पर यह आलेख उस बिषम समस्या
की ओर आप सबको ले जायेगा जिस समस्या पर पूरा विश्व रिसर्च कर रहा है.पहले कुछ basic communication definition को समझते है.

Eletromagnetic Radiation
(1)Non-Ionising Radiation(NIR)
(2)Ionising Radiation(NR)
●
NIR:
(or, esp. in British English, non-ionising radiation) refers to any type of electromagnetic radiation that does not carry enough energy per quantum to ionize atoms or molecules — that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule. the electromagnetic radiation has sufficient energy only for excitation, the movement of an electron to a higher energy state. Nevertheless, different biological effects are observed for different types of non-ionizing radiation.Near ultraviolet, Visible light, infrared, microwave, radio waves,
IR:
carry enough energy per quantum to ionize atoms or molecules — that is, to completely remove an electron from an atom or molecule.

WHAT ARE THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION EXPOSURE?
Exposure to sufficiently high levels of RF EMR can heat biological tissue and potentially cause tissue damage.
The amount of environmental RF EMR routinely encountered by the general public is too low to produce significant heating or increased body temperature.
At low levels of exposure to RF EMR (ie field intensities lower than those that would produce measurable heating) the evidence for production of harmful biological effects is ambiguous and unproven.
Although there have been studies reporting a range of biological effects at low levels, there has been no indication that such effects might constitute a human health hazard.A table is given here shows effects of various kind of radiations.
Visible Light
lasers, sunlight, fire, LEDs, Light Bulbs
400 nm – 780 nm
385 THz – 750 THz
Skin photo-ageing, Skin cancer; Eye – Photochemical & thermal retinal injury
IR-A
lasers, remote controls
780 nm – 1.4 µm
215 THz – 385 THz
Eye – Thermal retinal injury, thermal cataract; Skin burn
IR-B
lasers, long-distance telecommunications
1.4 µm – 3 µm
100 THz – 215 THz
Eye – Corneal burn, cataract Skin burn
IR-C
Far-infrared laser
3 µm – 1 mm
300 GHz – 100 THz
Eye – Corneal burn, cataract; Heating of body surface
Microwave
PCS phones, some mobile/cell phones, microwave ovens, cordless phones, motion detectors, radar, Wi-Fi
UVA
Black light, sunlight
315 nm – 400 nm
Radio Frequency Radiation
Mobile/Cell phones, television, FM, AM, Shortwave, CB, cordless phones
33 cm – 3 km
100 kHz – 1 GHz
Heating with ‘penetration depth’ of 10 mm, Raised body temperature
Low frequency RF
power lines
> 3 km
< 100 kHz
Cumulation of charge on body surface Disturbance of nerve & muscle responses
Static Field
strong magnets, MRI
infinite
0 Hz
Magnetic – vertigo/nausea, Electric – charge on body surface .
अब मुख्य बिंदु पर आते है. जो की Mobile phone safety से related है.
If I made a pulsed microwave transmitter generating 2 watts of power and asked you to hold it next to your head for lengthy periods of time, what would you think?

It doesn’t sound like a good idea, does it?

Yet, we do exactly that every day with our mobile phones.

Is it safe?

Fresh fears over mobile phones

ØResearch carried out by scientists in Finland suggests
radiation from mobile phones causes changes in the brain.
ØScientists from the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that
exposing human cells to mobile phone radiation damaged the blood-
brain barrier – a safety barrier in the body that stops harmful
substances in blood from entering the brain.
ØThe World Health Organization has concluded that serious health
effects (e.g. cancer) are very unlikely to be caused by cellular phone
or their base stations, and expects to make recommendations
about mobile phones in 2007–08.
जो भी रिजल्ट आ रहे है. ओ एक ऐसे बिंदु पर आकर अटक जाते है जो mobile communication की भाषा में SAR (Specific Absorption Rate ) के
नाम से जाना जाता है.वस्तुत मोबाइल फ़ोन कोई बन्दूक या गोली नहीं है जो आपके शरीर में घुस कर आपको नुकसान पहुचती है. यह केवल एक electro magnetic
wave से संचालित होने वाला उपकरण है. पर इस EMW की कितनी energy आपके शरीर में घुस कर आपके शरीर के जीवित tissues -cell को मार सकती है.
यह निर्भर करता है SAR पर.
SAR( Specific Absorption Rate )
The rate at which radiation is absorbed by the human body is measured by the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and its maximum levels for modern handsets have been set by governmental regulating agencies in many countries. In the USA, the FCC has set a SAR limit of 1.6 W/kg, averaged over a volume of 1 gram of tissue, for the head. In Europe, the limit is 2 W/kg, averaged over a volume of 10 grams of tissue. SAR values are heavily dependent on the size of the averaging volume. Without information about the averaging volume used comparisons between different measurements can not be made. Thus, the European 10-gram ratings should be compared among themselves, and the American 1-gram ratings should only be compared among themselves.
SAR की standard value क्या है. और आप जो handset use कर रहे है. क्या ओ इस satndard value को फुल-फिल कर पा रहा है.
यह जाँच का विषय है. खासकर चाइना मोबाइल जिसका standard क्या है इसको कौन बताएगा.
अब microwave radiation से होने वाले कुछ प्रमुख प्रभावों को समझते है.
Thermal effects :
•One well-understood effect of microwave radiation is dielectric heating, in which any dielectric material (such as living tissue) is heated by rotations of polar molecules induced by the electromagnetic field. In the case of a person using a cell phone, most of the heating effect will occur at the surface of the head, causing its temperature to increase by a fraction of a degree. In this case, the level of temperature increase is an order of magnitude less than that obtained during the exposure of the head to direct sunlight. The brain’s blood circulation is capable of disposing of excess heat by increasing local blood flow. However, the cornea of the eye does not have this temperature regulation mechanism. Premature cataracts are known as an occupational disease of engineers who work on high power radio transmitters.
Non-thermal effects :
•Some researchers have argued that so-called “non-thermal effects” could be reinterpreted as a normal cellular response to an increase in temperature. The noted German biophysicist Roland Glaser, for example, has argued that there are several thermoreceptor molecules in cells, and that they activate a cascade of second and third messenger systems, gene expression mechanisms and production of heat shock proteins in order to defend the cell against metabolic cell stress caused by heat. The increases in temperature that cause these changes are too small to be detected by studies such as REFLEX, which base their whole argument on the apparent stability of thermal equilibrium in their cell cultures.
Genotoxical effects :
•Research from Greece towards the end of 2006 found a direct causal relationship between mobile phone radiation and DNA damage. In December 2004 a pan-European study named REFLEX (Risk Evaluation of Potential Environmental Hazards from Low Energy Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Exposure Using Sensitive in vitro Methods), involving 12 collaborating laboratories in several countries showed some compelling evidence of DNA damage of cells in in-vitro cultures, when exposed between 0.3 to 2 watts/kg, whole-sample average. There were indications, but not rigorous evidence of other cell changes, including damage to chromosomes, alterations in the activity of certain genes and a boosted rate of cell division .
Mobile phones and cancer
मोबाइल फ़ोन और कैंसर जो की इस ब्लॉग का headline है अब उस पर चर्चा करते है. कुछ परिणाम जो इन्टरनेट से लिए गए है.
•In 2006 a large Danish study about the connection between mobile phone use and cancer incidence was published. It followed over 420,000 Danish citizens over 20 years and showed no increased risk of cancer.
•In order to investigate the risk of cancer for the Mobile Phone user, a cooperative project between 13 countries has been launched called INTERPHONE. The idea is that cancers need time to develop so only studies over 10 years are of interest.
मोबाइल फ़ोन से तनाव ,टेंशन और अनिद्रा जैसी तमाम परेशानी भी हो सकती है . आगे इसी बिंदु पर कुछ चीजे है.
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrom
•Some users of mobile handsets have reported feeling several unspecific symptoms during and after its use, such as burning and tingling sensations in the skin of the head and extremities, fatigue, sleep disturbances, dizziness, loss of mental attention, reaction times and memory retentiveness, headaches, malaise, tachycardia (heart palpitations) and disturbances of the digestive system. Some people, implying a causal relationship, have named this syndrome as a new diagnostic entity, EHS or ES (electrosensitivity). The World Health Organization prefers to name it “idiopathic environmental intolerance”, in order to avoid the implication of causation.
अब समय आ गया है की चर्चा का अंत कुछ results और suggestion से किया जाय.
What are the possible risks?
There are fears that the electromagnetic radiation emitted from mobile phone handsets may harm health.

In particular, there have been claims that it could affect the body’s cells, brain or immune system and increase the risk of developing a range of diseases from cancer to Alzheimer’s.

Laboratory tests on mice have shown that radiation from mobile phones can have an adverse effect on their overall health.

It is still not clear whether those findings can be applied directly to humans.

A study by scientists in Finland, published in 2002, suggested that the electromagnetic radiation did affect human brain tissue.

But they played down their findings saying more research was needed to see if the effects were the same in living people.

Another study by scientists in Sweden, also published in 2002, claimed to have found a link between analogue mobile phones and brain tumours.

It suggested users of “first generation” phones had a 30% higher risk of developing tumours than people who did not.

However, the findings were controversial and there have been no similar studies into the effects of modern GSM phones.

Are there any risks for children?
The Stewart report recommended that children should only use mobile phones in emergencies.

The recommendation was based on the theory that children could be more at risk from the radio waves emitted by mobile phones.

This is because their brains are still developing and their skulls are thinner, making it easier for the radio waves to penetrate them.

Also if they start using mobiles at a young age, their cumulative lifetime use will be higher than adults.

However, surveys suggest that many children are ignoring the advice.

A survey of 1,000 British children, carried out in 2001, found 90% of under-16s own a mobile and one in 10 spends more than 45 minutes a day using it.

Government studies

•Two years ago a government inquiry led by Sir William Stewart concluded that mobile phones posed no provable health risk.
•But its report urged caution over the use of mobile phones by children until more was known about their impact on health.
•In January, a new £7.4 million research programme was announced, backed by the government and the mobile phone industry, to be managed by an international committee of experts led by Sir William.
•The programme includes 15 studies which will seek clear conclusions about the health hazards of mobile phones, in particular fears of an association between mobile phone radiation and brain cancer.
•The main purpose of the research will be to see whether “subtle biological changes” already known to be caused by mobile phones
Preventive Measures :
•Use HANDS-FREE to decrease the radiation to the head.
•Keep the MOBILE PHONE AWAY from the body.
•Do not telephone in a car without an EXTERNAL ANTENNA.
•Still, the use of “HANDS-FREE” is not recommended by the British Consumers’ Association.
•Avoid long time CONTINUOUS conversation via mobile.
इन सुझावों को अमल करे. क्योंकि सुरक्षा ही बचाव है.

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